Basic Structure of a Computer system

Fig: Basic structure of a Computer system

     

A computer system is divided into four parts.

(i) Input unit: The properties of input unit are to add external
environment or devices like mouse, keyboard, scanner etc. It converts any form of data into binary.

(ii) Memory unit: Input unit is connected with memory unit. Two kinds of memory used there. (a) Primary memory: The primary memory of a computer system is RAM. The full name of RAM is Random Access Memory. It is also called Volatile memory. Because when power failure all of the data will erase. There are two kinds of RAM. (1) SRAM(Static RAM): Ued as cashe memory. (2) DRAM(Dynamic memory): Used as main memory. (b) Secondary memory: The secondary memory of a computer system is ROM. The full name of ROM is Read Only Memory. This is non-volatile. There are three kinds of ROM.

(1) PROM: which is Programmable Read Only Memory. Its like one time use memory. If it has given data one time, the data could never be erased. Example: CD(Compact Disc), DVD(Digital Versatile Disc) etc. (2) EPROM: Which is Erasable Programmable  Read Only Memory. It is used in IC(Integrated Circuit) Fabrication. (3) EEPROM: Which is Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory. It has a huge but limited memory. Example: H.D.D(Hard Disc Drive), Pen Drive etc.

(iii) CPU(Central Processing Unit): It is connected with Memory unit. Two kinds of process take place there. (a) ALU: Arithmetic

& Logic Unit. (b) CU: Control Unit. Which is control the processes of ALU.

(iv) Output Unit: Convert binary form to human readable format. It displays output result through Monitor, Projector, Printer etc. This is the basic structure of a Computer System.

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